What is reproducibility? What is the difference between reproducibility and repeatability?

The deviation between the results of multiple consecutive measurements of the same sample under changing measurement conditions is called reproducibility. When evaluating reproducibility, at least one of the following conditions should be changed: 1. Measurement time; 2. Re-sampling; 3. Different operators; 4. Different measuring instruments; 5. Different locations. 

The same point between reproducibility and repeatability is that the stability of the instrument and method is relatively evaluated through multiple measurements. The difference is that the condition remains unchanged in the repeatability evaluation, which is mainly used to evaluate the stability of the instrument and the environment. The conditions for reproducibility evaluation need to change, such as measurement time, measurement personnel, re-sampling, etc., which need to be changed. It is mainly used to evaluate the long-term stability of the instrument, the stability of the sampling method, and the proficiency of the operator.